Flexible laser-induced graphene electrodes on polyimide film: Hybrid nanoflower-modified dielectric microjunctions for non-faradaic analysis

Subramani, Indra Gandi and Remesh, Sathaniswarman and Perumal, Veeradasan and Gopinath, Subash C.B. and Karuppanan, Saravanan and Raja, Pandian Bothi and Ovinis, Mark and Arumugam, Natarajan and Kumar, Raju Suresh (2024) Flexible laser-induced graphene electrodes on polyimide film: Hybrid nanoflower-modified dielectric microjunctions for non-faradaic analysis. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 208. p. 109339. ISSN 1369-703X

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Abstract

Laser-induced Graphene (LIG) electrodes on flexible substrates have attracted significant research interest, making them an excellent alternative to conventional fabrication of transducers on rigid planar substrates. In this study, four individual capacitor-like triangular LIG electrodes were fabricated on polyimide (PI) film with micron gap (MG) spacing of 30, 66, 125 and 180 µm, to study the relationship between gap spacing and capacitance. A novel N, N-carbonyldiimidazole-copper (CDI-Cu) hybrid nanoflower (NF) was synthesised via one-pot biomineralization and deposited at the triangular junction of acid-base treated LIG-MG for the immobilization of neutravidin. The gap spacing and structure of the LIG-MG were analysed using high-resolution microscopes, revealing a porous nanofiber-like graphene structure. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) of acid-base treated PI film proved carboxyl group formation. A decrease in capacitance was observed with an increasing gap spacing in a non-faradaic environment. The capacitance of CDI-Cu NF following neutravidin modification for 30, 66, 125 and 180 µm spacings were 1.77E-07, 1.36E-07, 4.73E-08, 4.84E-08 F, respectively, suggesting excellent biomolecular modification sensitivity of the LIG-MG with 30 µm spacing. A comparative analysis of dielectric performance for different gap-spaced devices revealed that a 30 µm spacing would be optimal for bio-capturing because of the close confinement of biomolecules for smaller gapped areas.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2024.109339
Dates:	Date Event 26 April 2024 Accepted 29 April 2024 Published Online
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Micro-gap spacing, Hybrid nanostructure, Carbon material, Dielectrode, Biomodification
Subjects:	CAH10 - engineering and technology > CAH10-01 - engineering > CAH10-01-02 - mechanical engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment > College of Engineering
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	02 Jul 2024 13:51
Last Modified:	02 Jul 2024 13:51
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/15629

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