The Bacterial Species Behind the Wound and Their Antibacterial Resistant Pattern: A Three‐Year Retrospective Study at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana

Deku, John Gameli and Aninagyei, Enoch and Bedzina, Israel and Goloe, Francisca Esenam and Eshun, Vida Angmorkie and Agyei, Eunice and Nmoandor, Jonathan Maniye and Duneeh, Richard Vikpebah and Duedu, Kwabena (2024) The Bacterial Species Behind the Wound and Their Antibacterial Resistant Pattern: A Three‐Year Retrospective Study at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. ISSN 0887-8013

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Abstract

Background
Wound infections are often underestimated issues that can lead to chronic illnesses, and since the introduction of antibiotics, wound complications have become less common. However, due to the increased and irrational use of these antibiotics, the resistance in the bacterial isolates has become very common. This has led to reduced treatment options, delay in wound healing, and high treatment costs. This study aimed to investigate bacterial wound infections and their antibiotic resistance at St. Dominic Hospital, Ghana.

Methods
A total of 517 records of wound swab culture and susceptibility testing, and patient demographics from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the microbiology unit of St. Dominic Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2019, cleaned, and exported into IBM SPSS v26 for the statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

Results
The overall prevalence of bacteriological agents causing wound infection in individuals who visited the St. Dominic Hospital from 2020 to 2022 was 70.21% (363/517), with S. aureus 79/363 (21.76%) being the most abundant isolate. Out of the 79 S . aureus isolated, 40 (50.63%) and 39 (49.37%) were resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin, respectively. More than 50% of the predominant Gram‐negative isolate, K. pneumoniae , were resistant to clindamycin 45/72 (62.50%) but susceptible to levofloxacin 70/72 (97.22%), cefotetan 69/72 (95.83%), and chloramphenicol 67/72 (93.06%).

Conclusion
Antibacterial susceptibility patterns revealed significant resistance trends, particularly among Gram‐negative isolates, emphasizing the urgent need for prudent antibiotic use and ongoing surveillance to combat resistance.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	10.1002/jcla.25114
Dates:	Date Event 26 September 2024 Accepted 14 October 2024 Published Online
Uncontrolled Keywords:	antibacterial resistance, Ghana, wound culture
Subjects:	CAH03 - biological and sport sciences > CAH03-01 - biosciences > CAH03-01-01 - biosciences (non-specific)
Divisions:	Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences > College of Life Sciences
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	22 Oct 2024 13:33
Last Modified:	22 Oct 2024 13:33
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/15917