Mitigating Cost Estimation Challenges in Bahrain's Construction Industry: A Problem-Solving Approach

Baby, Shaj and Talebi, Saeed and Lai, Joseph H. K. and Tien, Paige and Kagioglou, Mike (2026) Mitigating Cost Estimation Challenges in Bahrain's Construction Industry: A Problem-Solving Approach. Built Environment Project and Asset Management. ISSN 2044-124X (In Press)

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Abstract

Purpose – In Bahrain’s fast-growing yet under-researched construction industry, inaccurate pre-contract cost estimation has contributed to financial instability by increasing risk exposure and reducing project viability. Given the absence of localised guidance and the distinctive market dynamics of the region, this study aims to identify the key factors influencing cost estimation accuracy and to develop a practical framework to mitigate these issues.
Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-methods design was employed, consisting of a literature review, a survey of 49 construction professionals, and a focus group discussion with 5 senior experts. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics, supported by a non-parametric significance test to assess robustness. The focus group discussion was transcribed and thematically analysed to validate and contextualise the quantitative findings. Insights from both phases informed the development of the proposed framework.
Findings – Estimation accuracy is primarily affected by the quality of client-provided information, the competency and experience of the estimation team, and external market volatility. The study underscores the need for comprehensive project documentation and skilled professionals, and proposes a structured framework designed to enhance estimation reliability in Bahrain’s construction sector.
Originality/value – This research addresses a significant gap in the literature by focusing on Bahrain, an under-examined yet strategically important construction market. The study contributes original empirical evidence on pre-contract estimation challenges and introduces a context-specific, expert-informed framework. The use of triangulated mixed methods enhances the credibility of the findings, offering practical value to industry stakeholders and advancing academic understanding of estimation practices in emerging markets.

Item Type:	Article
Dates:	Date Event 1 February 2026 Accepted
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cost Estimation, Pre-Contract Stage, Accuracy Factors, Bahrain Construction, Mitigation Strategies
Subjects:	CAH13 - architecture, building and planning > CAH13-01 - architecture, building and planning > CAH13-01-02 - building
Divisions:	Architecture, Built Environment, Computing and Engineering > Architecture and Built Environment > Built Environment
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	11 Feb 2026 15:33
Last Modified:	11 Feb 2026 15:33
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16864

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