Evaluation of a National Training Programme on Use of Oxygen Therapy in Clinical Practice in Zambia

Carter, Chris and Maphenduka, Sabelo and Notter, Joy (2026) Evaluation of a National Training Programme on Use of Oxygen Therapy in Clinical Practice in Zambia. International Journal of Critical Care, 20 (1). pp. 5-13. ISSN 2816-9050

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Abstract

Background: Zambia is a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa and continues to face challenges in the provision of oxygen therapy in hospitals. While the Covid-19 pandemic increased oxygen availability in some settings it remains limited, ward nurses’ knowledge and skills in the safe use of oxygen therapy was unknown. Aim: To evaluate the impact of the use of oxygen therapy in clinical practice on the trainers’ professional practice. Method: A qualitative study was carried out using focus groups and a descriptive qualitative inquiry approach. Six months after delivery of the train the trainers’ workshops,11 participants representing 11 hospitals, representing all provinces in Zambia were invited to attended three focus groups. The semi-structured interview guide which was used was adapted from a previous published study. Results: The outcome of the evaluation revealed four themes: impact of the training on the trainers, learning to be a trainer, multidisciplinary training and realities of using oxygen. The study also confirmed that oxygen delivery in ward settings is complex due to the limited availability of other healthcare professionals, resources and access to continuing professional development (CPD). Conclusion: Although progress has been made in enhancing oxygen therapy in Zambia. This study underscores the need for ongoing continuing professional development opportunities particularly for nurses who often administer, monitor, and titrate oxygen therapy and have limited access to other professionals. The study also emphasises the importance of coupling training programmes with dissemination and cascade training activities to maximise effectiveness.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	10.29173/ijcc1048
Dates:	Date Event 9 September 2025 Accepted 9 February 2026 Published Online
Uncontrolled Keywords:	COVID-19 pandemic, Low-income country, Oxygen therapy, professional development, Zambia
Subjects:	CAH02 - subjects allied to medicine > CAH02-04 - nursing and midwifery > CAH02-04-02 - adult nursing
Divisions:	Nursing and Midwifery > Adult Nursing
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	25 Feb 2026 11:54
Last Modified:	25 Feb 2026 11:54
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16885

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