A trunk-preserving, demand-weighted edge betweenness centrality framework for partitioning water distribution networks

Munthali, Rodger Millar and Gao, Jinliang and Cao, Huizhe and Wu, Wenyan and Yu, Jingyang and Qi, Shihua (2026) A trunk-preserving, demand-weighted edge betweenness centrality framework for partitioning water distribution networks. Journal of Hydroinformatics. ISSN 1464-7141

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Abstract

District metered areas (DMAs) play a crucial role in managing leakages and pressure, and monitoring operations within water distribution networks (WDNs). However, purely topological design of DMAs overlooks hydraulics and the operational role of highly critical pipes, undermining redundancy and resilience. This study proposes a trunk-preserving hydraulically informed partitioning framework that (i) utilises demand weighted edge betweenness centrality (DWEBC) to delineate a trunk network (TN) and (ii) grows capacitated, size-balanced DMAs on the residual network using an inverse of the DWEBC as edge weight. The approach employs farthest-first k-centre seeding, graph-Voronoi growth, Kernighan–Lin/Fiduccia–Mattheyses connectivity repair, uniformity balancing, and minimum DMA size enforcement. The DMAs are then evaluated using a pressure uniformity index (PUI), head-loss gradient (HLG), demand satisfaction ratio (DSR), and boundary control complexity (BCC) metrics, after which collector edges interfacing TN and DMAs are flagged. The approach is deterministic, bounded in runtime, and implemented in Python using EPANET/WNTR. Results on the benchmark networks demonstrate easy identification of TN, formation of balanced DMA in terms of size and pressure, and interpretable interfaces for metering and control. The framework generalises to real-world WDNs and can seed multi-objective refinement if Pareto exploration of PUI–HLG–DSR–BCC is desired.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	10.2166/hydro.2026.187
Dates:	Date Event 2 March 2026 Accepted 23 March 2026 Published Online
Uncontrolled Keywords:	demand weighted edge betweenness centrality (DWEBC), district metered areas (DMAs), graph partitioning, network resilience, trunk network
Subjects:	CAH10 - engineering and technology > CAH10-01 - engineering > CAH10-01-01 - engineering (non-specific)
Divisions:	Architecture, Built Environment, Computing and Engineering > Engineering
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	22 Apr 2026 12:17
Last Modified:	22 Apr 2026 12:18
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16989

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