Passive heating in sport: context-specific benefits, detriments, and considerations

Menzies, Campbell and Clarke, Neil and Pugh, Christopher J.A. and Steward, Charles J. and Thake, C. Douglas and Cullen, Tom (2025) Passive heating in sport: context-specific benefits, detriments, and considerations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 50. ISSN 1715-5312

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Abstract

Exercise and passive heating share some acute physiological responses. These include increases in body temperature, sweat rate, blood flow, heart rate, and redistribution of plasma and blood volume. These responses can vary depending on the heating modality or dose (e.g., temperature, duration, body coverage) and are beneficial to athletes in specific scenarios. These scenarios include being applied to increase muscle or force production, induce rapid weight loss, stimulate thermoregulatory or cardiovascular adaptation, or to accelerate recovery. The rationale being to tailor the specific passive heating protocol to target the desired physiological response. However, some acute responses to passive heating may also be detrimental to sporting outcomes, such as exercising in the heat, having unintended residual negative effects on performance or perceptions of fatigue, or even resulting in hospitalisation if implemented inappropriately. Accordingly, the effects of passive heating should be carefully considered prior to implementation by athletes, coaches, and support staff. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the physiological responses to different modes and doses of passive heating and explore the various sport contexts where these effects may either benefit or hinder athletes. Understanding these responses can aid the implementation of passive heating in sport and identify potential recommended heating protocols in each given scenario.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	10.1139/apnm-2024-0381
Dates:	Date Event 13 January 2025 Accepted 11 February 2025 Published Online
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Passive heating, sports performance, recovery, training, dose
Subjects:	CAH03 - biological and sport sciences > CAH03-02 - sport and exercise sciences > CAH03-02-01 - sport and exercise sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences > College of Life Sciences
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	25 Mar 2025 11:48
Last Modified:	25 Mar 2025 11:48
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16258

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