The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells

Jahangiri, Leila and Ishola, Tala and Pucci, Perla and Trigg, Ricky M. and Pereira, Joao and Williams, John A. and Cavanagh, Megan L. and Gkoutos, Georgios V. and Tsaprouni, Loukia and Turner, Suzanne D. (2021) The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers, 13 (6). e1239. ISSN 2072-6694

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Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	** From MDPI via Jisc Publications Router ** History: accepted 08-03-2021; pub-electronic 11-03-2021. ** Licence for this article: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Identification Number:	10.3390/cancers13061239
Dates:	Date Event 8 March 2021 Accepted 11 March 2021 Published
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumour microenvironment, solid cancers, haematological malignancies, autophagy, LncRNAs
Subjects:	CAH01 - medicine and dentistry > CAH01-01 - medicine and dentistry > CAH01-01-01 - medical sciences (non-specific)
Divisions:	Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences > College of Health and Care Professions
SWORD Depositor:	JISC PubRouter
Depositing User:	JISC PubRouter
Date Deposited:	15 Mar 2021 11:01
Last Modified:	12 Jan 2022 11:13
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/11276

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