Strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati

Tong, Tanebu Julia and Mohammadnezhad, Masoud and Alqahtani, Nasser Salem (2025) Strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. ISSN 2296-861X

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Abstract

Introduction

Overweight and obesity are rising concerns particularly in Pacific Island Countries (PICs) where healthcare capacity is limited. However, limited studies have explored school-based prevention strategies in Kiribati. This study aims to identify effective strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity among senior high school students in Kiribati, including curriculum and policy changes, nutrition education, and exercise interventions.

Methods

This mixed-methods study employed a prospective observational approach across four randomly selected senior high schools in South Tarawa, Kiribati from August to November 2020. Purposive sampling was used to select study participants. A total of 32 students (aged 13–19) and 20 School Committee Members (SCMs) participated in semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Qualitative Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine associations between student behaviors and overweight/obesity prevalence. Measures were taken to reduce selection bias, including stratified sampling based on school size and student demographics.

Results

None of the schools had physical education or nutritional health courses in their curriculum. Unhealthy dietary patterns, insufficient physical activity, and substance use (kava, alcohol, and tobacco) were prevalent among students. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in overweight and obesity prevalence among the four schools ( p = 0.04), with students from central and western schools exhibiting higher obesity rates. Meal skipping (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.21–4.97, p0.03) and low sports involvement (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.45–6.73, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. SCMs reported policy gaps and lack of implementation regarding student health and nutrition.

Conclusion

The absence of structured physical education, inadequate health policies, and poor implementation contribute to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati. Policy revisions, curriculum integration of health education, and school-based intervention programs are necessary to address these issues. Furthermore, regional differences in school environments should be considered when designing interventions.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	10.3389/fnut.2025.1537090
Dates:	Date Event 28 March 2025 Accepted 28 March 2025 Published Online
Uncontrolled Keywords:	high school students, overweight, obesity, school policies, curriculum, prevention strategies, Kiribati
Subjects:	CAH02 - subjects allied to medicine > CAH02-04 - nursing and midwifery > CAH02-04-01 - nursing (non-specific)
Divisions:	Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences > College of Nursing and Midwifery
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	01 Apr 2025 12:41
Last Modified:	01 Apr 2025 12:41
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16280

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