The effects of exercise on neuromuscular function in people with chronic neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dirito, Angelo Marco and Abichandani, Deepa and Jadhakhan, Ferozkhan and Falla, Deborah (2024) The effects of exercise on neuromuscular function in people with chronic neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 19 (12). e0315817. ISSN 1932-6203

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Abstract

Background

Differences in cervical neuromuscular function are commonly observed between people with and without chronic neck pain. Exercise may improve cervical neuromuscular function of people with neck pain although the evidence for this has not been systematically reviewed.

Objective

To systematically review the existing evidence on the effect of exercises targeting the neck muscles on neuromuscular function in people with chronic non-specific neck pain.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted based on a registered protocol (CRD42021298831) with searches conducted on the following databases from inception to 21st October 2023: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, AMED, Google Scholar, Open Grey and Zetoc. Studies of interest were trials investigating neuromuscular adaptations to a program of exercise targeting the neck muscles (>2 weeks) in people with chronic non-specific neck pain. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and performed data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and rated the overall certainty of the evidence (GRADE).

Results

Fourteen articles from 2110 citations were included. There is moderate certainty of evidence that the use of craniocervical flexion training (either in isolation or in combination with resistance training) can induce neural adaptations within the neck muscles. A meta-analysis showed a reduction in sternocleidomastoid muscle activity after neck exercise interventions compared to control interventions.

Conclusion

The articles included in this systematic review confirmed that exercise can result in neuromuscular adaptations within neck muscles, as measured by electromyography. Specificity of training was seen to be relevant for the type of neuromuscular adaptations induced.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	10.1371/journal.pone.0315817
Dates:	Date Event 2 December 2024 Accepted 19 December 2024 Published Online
Subjects:	CAH02 - subjects allied to medicine > CAH02-06 - allied health > CAH02-06-01 - health sciences (non-specific)
Divisions:	Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences > College of Health and Care Professions
Depositing User:	Gemma Tonks
Date Deposited:	02 Jul 2025 10:44
Last Modified:	02 Jul 2025 10:44
URI:	https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/16459

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